GeschaftThe labour market & unemploymentIshchi kuchi bozori va ishsizlik
Ishchi kuchi bozori
Inson mehnati, ya'ni ishchi kuchi tovar hisoblanadi va u ishchi kuchi bozorida sotiladi hamda sotib olinadi. Bu bozorda ishchi kuchini mehnatga layoqatli aholi sotadi, unga muhtoj bo'lgan korxonalar esa sotib oladi.
- Ishchi kuchiga talab — ma'lum vaqt davomida muayyan narxlarda qancha ishchining ishchi kuchi korxonalar tomonidan sotib olinishini bildiradi (talabni ish beruvchi korxonalar shakllantiradi).
- Ishchi kuchi taklifi — qancha ishchi o'z ishchi kuchini sotishga rozi ekanini anglatadi (taklifni ishga layoqatli aholi shakllantiradi).
Ish haqi qanday belgilanadi?
Boshqa tovarlar kabi, ishchi kuchining bozor narxi (ish haqi) unga bo'lgan talab va taklifdan kelib chiqib aniqlanadi — talab miqdori taklif miqdoriga teng bo'lgan nuqtada. Ishchi kuchi arzon bo'lsa, korxonalar ko'proq ishchi yollaydi; qimmat bo'lsa — kamroq.
Maosh nega har xil?
Ish qanchalik ko'p maxsus bilim, malaka va tayyorgarlik talab qilsa, ishchi kuchi shunchalik qimmat turadi. Shuning uchun malakali mutaxassis oddiy ishchiga nisbatan ko'proq maosh oladi.
Ishsizlik
Kishilarning ishchi kuchidan foydalanmaslik — bu jamiyat uchun boy berilgan imkoniyatdir. Shuning uchun ishsizlikni kamaytirish davlatning muhim iqtisodiy vazifalaridan biridir.
O'zingizni sinang
To'rt savolga javob bering va «Yakunlash»ni bosing.
«Iqtisodiy bilim asoslari» (9-sinf) darsligi, «Ishchi kuchi bozori va ishsizlik» mavzusi.
The labour market
Labour is bought and sold like any resource. Firms demand labour; workers supply it. The wage is the price of labour, and it is set where the demand for workers meets the supply — just like any other market.
What is unemployment?
Unemployment is people who are willing and able to work but cannot find a job. Economists usually group it into three types:
- Frictional — people temporarily between jobs.
- Structural — workers' skills no longer match the jobs available.
- Cyclical — caused by a downturn (recession), when total demand falls.
Unemployment matters because idle workers are lost output the economy can never recover — which is why low unemployment is a key government objective.
Test yourself
Answer all three, then submit.
Standard macroeconomics (labour market and types of unemployment).